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Proprietary estoppel

Proprietary estoppelThis Practice Note considers proprietary estoppel from a generic standpoint.For industry specific guidance on proprietary estoppel, see Practice Notes:•Estoppel and property law•Mortgages by estoppelProprietary estoppel—what is it?Unlike the other forms of estoppel (see Practice

VAT definition

Strict liability

Strict liabilityStrict liabilityWhen an offence does not require proof of a mental element it is an offence of strict liability. There are some common law offences of strict liability (eg public nuisance, outraging public decency and contempt) most though are statutory, arising often under

The British Franchise Association (BFA)

The British Franchise Association (BFA)This Practice Note examines the role and remit of the British Franchise Association (the BFA) in the franchise industry in the UK. It looks at the legislative and regulatory framework in the franchise industry, the membership criteria of the BFA, the BFA’s Code