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Legal Professions (Volume 65 (2020), paras 201–514; Volume 66 (2020), paras 515–1079)

If it's not in Halsbury's then it's not the law.

Covering every proposition of the law of England and Wales, however niche, Halsbury's Laws provides all your legal answers in a single source.

TAKE A FREE TRIAL

Legal Professions (Volume 65 (2020), paras 201–514; Volume 66 (2020), paras 515–1079)

If it's not in Halsbury's then it's not the law.

Covering every proposition of the law of England and Wales, however niche, Halsbury's Laws provides all your legal answers in a single source.

TAKE A FREE TRIAL

Legal Professions (Volume 65 (2020), paras 201–514; Volume 66 (2020), paras 515–1079)

Consultant Editor

1. Regulation of the Legal Professions

201. Introduction to the regulation of legal services.

202. Regulatory objectives.

203. The Legal Services Board.

204. General functions.

205. Delegation of functions.

206. Guidance.

207. Voluntary arrangements.

208. Levy rules.

209. Payment of the levy.

210. Consultation requirements for rules.

211. Restricted information.

212. Disclosure of restricted information.

213. Disclosure of information to the Board.

214. Use of information by the Board.

215. Establishment of the Consumer Panel.

216. Representations by the Consumer Panel.

217. Advice and research functions of the Consumer Panel.

218. 'Approved regulator' and 'relevant approved regulator'.

219. Approved regulators.

220. Application to be approved regulator.

221. Dismissal of application to be approved regulator.

222. Advice to applicants to be approved regulator.

223. Rules governing decisions by the Legal Services Board.

224. Determination of applications to be an approved regulator.

225. Effect of grant of application in relation to a reserved legal activity.

226. Lord Chancellor's decision to make an order designating an approved regulator.

227. Orders in relation to the Legal Services Board as an approved regulator.

228. The Legal Services Board as an approved regulator.

229. Modification of the Legal Services Board's functions.

230. Separation of functions of the Legal Services Board.

231. Regulatory conflict.

232. Duty to promote the regulatory objectives.

233. Prohibition on the Legal Services Board interfering with representative functions.

234. Rules relating to the exercise of regulatory functions.

235. Modification of the functions of approved regulators.

236. Information.

237. Meaning of 'regulatory arrangements'.

238. Regulatory arrangement provision for co-operation with investigations.

239. Requirement for approval of alteration of regulatory arrangements.

240. Application for approval of alteration of regulatory arrangements.

241. Initial determination of application for alteration of regulatory arrangements.

242. Advice given to the Legal Services Board.

243. Decision by the Board whether to grant the application.

244. Duty to comply with regulatory arrangements.

245. Complaints procedure.

246. Provision for redress.

247. Performance targets.

248. Making a direction.

249. Notification of the approved regulator.

250. Advice.

251. Decision of the Board.

252. Enforcement.

253. Public censure.

254. Financial penalties.

255. Procedure for imposing financial penalties.

256. Appeals against financial penalties.

257. Intervention directions generally.

258. Notification of the approved regulator of intervention direction.

259. Advice in connection with intervention directions.

236A. Approved regulators: information powers relating to economic crime

260. Decision of the Board as to the giving of an intervention direction.

261. Effect of intervention direction.

262. Revocation of intervention direction generally.

263. Advice in connection with the revocation of an intervention direction.

264. Decision by the Board as to the revocation of a direction.

265. Cancellation of approval of regulator generally.

266. Notification of the approved regulator.

267. Advice in connection with the cancellation of approval of a regulator.

268. Decision as to the cancellation of approval of a regulator.

269. Transfer arrangements.

270. Board's power to recommend order for transfer arrangements.

271. Powers of entry in relation to cancellation of designation.

272. Issuing of policy statements.

273. Procedure for the issuing of policy statements.

274. Practising fees.

275. Requirement to make provision preventing regulatory conflict.

276. Applications by another approved regulator relating to regulatory conflict.

277. Regulatory conflict with other regulatory regimes.

278. Reports by the Competition and Markets Authority.

279. The Legal Services Board's response to the report of the Competition and Markets Authority.

280. Directions by the Lord Chancellor.

281. Referral of report of the Competition and Markets Authority by the Lord Chancellor.

282. Duties of the Competition and Markets Authority following a reference by the Lord Chancellor.

283. General introduction to complaints and discipline.

284. Office for Legal Complaints.

285. Appointment of members, staff, committees etc of the Office for Legal Complaints.

286. General obligations of the Office for Legal Complaints.

287. Corporate governance.

288. Performance targets and monitoring of Office for Legal Complaints.

289. Budget of the Office for Legal Complaints.

290. Borrowing by the Office for Legal Complaints.

291. Accounts of the Office for Legal Complaints.

292. Reports by the Office for Legal Complaints.

293. Consultation requirements for rules made by the Office for Legal Complaints.

294. Acquisition and disposal of land by the Office for Legal Complaints.

295. Power to establish a voluntary scheme.

296. Operation of voluntary scheme.

297. The ombudsman scheme.

298. Jurisdiction of the ombudsman scheme.

299. Complaints excluded from the ombudsman scheme.

300. Applicable complainants.

301. Acts and omissions by employees.

302. Continuity of complaints.

303. Operation of the ombudsman scheme.

304. Consent requirement for ombudsman scheme rules.

305. The Board's power in respect of ombudsman scheme rules.

306. Charges payable by respondents in relation to complaints under the ombudsman scheme.

307. Determination of complaints under the ombudsman scheme.

308. Acceptance or rejection of determination.

309. Enforcement by complainant of directions under the ombudsman scheme.

310. Reporting orders.

311. Duties to share information relating to complaints.

312. Provision of information and documents to ombudsman.

313. Failure to provide information or produce documents to ombudsman.

314. Enforcement of requirement to provide information or produce documents to ombudsman.

315. Reports of investigations of complaints under the ombudsman scheme.

316. Restricted information.

317. Disclosure of restricted information.

318. Defamation.

319. Appointment of chief ombudsman.

320. Appointment of assistant ombudsmen.

321. Reports of Chief Ombudsman.

322. Delegation of ombudsman's functions.

323. Notification of exclusion, dismissal or referral of complaint.

324. Reporting misconduct to approved regulators.

325. Reporting failures to co-operate with an investigation under the ombudsman scheme.

2. The Provision of Legal Services

326. Right to carry out legal services.

327. Regulation of right of Scottish and Northern Ireland lawyers to practise in England and Wales.

328. Right of audience in the county court or family court by Lord Chancellor's direction.

329. Right of audience of advocates and litigators employed by Lord Chancellor.

330. Change of approved regulator.

331. Entitlement to carry on to reserved legal activities.

332. Court's power to refuse right to conduct litigation and right of audience.

333. Legal professional privilege.

334. Meaning of 'reserved legal activity'.

335. Duties of advocates and litigators.

336. Employed advocates.

337. Authorised persons.

338. Exempt persons.

339. Rights of audience.

340. Conduct of litigation.

341. Reserved instrument activities.

342. Probate activities.

343. Notarial activities.

344. Administration of oaths.

345. European lawyers.

346. Employer of exempt person.

347. Extension of the reserved legal activities.

348. Recommendations that activities should cease to be reserved legal activities.

349. Preliminary inquiries.

350. Advice as to the holding of investigations.

351. Refusing to hold an investigation.

352. Decision to hold investigation.

353. Investigation.

354. Consideration of the provisional report.

355. Final report.

356. Introduction to European Lawyers.

357. Meaning of 'European lawyer'.

358. Purpose of the European Communities (Services of Lawyers) Order 1978.

359. Representation in legal proceedings.

360. Drawing of documents etc not related to legal proceedings.

361. Title, description and verification of status.

362. Professional misconduct.

363. Purpose of the European Communities (Lawyer's Practice) Regulations 2000.

364. Registration.

365. Competent authorities.

366. Exchange of information.

367. Practice of professional activities.

368. Title and description to be used by a registered European lawyer.

369. Joint practice.

370. Representation in legal proceedings.

371. Costs and fees of an unregistered European lawyer.

372. Professional conduct.

373. Entry into profession of solicitor or barrister.

374. Practice under the title of solicitor or barrister.

375. Restrictions in claims management activity.

376. Regulation of claims management activity.

377. Power to make rules relating to charges for claims management services.

378. PPI claims and charges for claims management services.

379. Commissioners for oaths.

380. Patent agents and patent attorneys.

381. Trade mark agents and trade mark attorneys.

382. Immigration advisers and immigration services providers.

383. Costs lawyers.

384. Judges etc barred from practice.

385. Offences committed by bodies corporate and unincorporated bodies.

386. Pretending to be entitled.

387. Not entitled to carry on the activity.

388. Carrying on reserved legal activity through a person not entitled.

389. Offence of pretending to be a registered European lawyer.

390. Unqualified person not to act as a solicitor.

391. Costs where unqualified person acts a solicitor.

392. Unqualified person not to pretend to be solicitor.

393. Application of penal provisions to body corporate.

394. Person pretending to be a barrister.

395. Penalty for pretending to be a licensed conveyancer or recognised body.

396. Offences by bodies corporate, unincorporated bodies and partnerships.

3. Solicitors

397. Historical introduction to the solicitors' profession.

398. Admission to the solicitors' profession.

399. Savings from earlier legislation repealed by the Solicitors Act 1974.

400. Overview of the organisations representing and regulating solicitors.

401. Law Society's Royal Charters.

402. General meetings of members of the Law Society.

403. Membership of the Law Society generally.

404. Exclusion of Law Society members and loss of rights.

405. The constitution and members of the Council of the Law Society.

406. The Council of the Law Society's powers of management.

407. Power to use the Law Society's general funds.

408. Power to enter the Law Society into alliances with other societies.

409. Employment of Law Society staff.

410. Documents and evidence.

411. Representation of the Law Society on other bodies.

412. The Solicitors Regulation Authority.

413. The keeping of the roll and the practising certificate register.

414. Requirement and powers to make rules and regulations.

415. Powers of intervention in solicitor's practice.

416. Control of solicitors' employees and consultants.

417. Bankrupt solicitors.

418. Recognition of EU professional qualifications.

419. Registration of foreign lawyers.

420. Constitution of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal.

421. Appeals to the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal.

422. Funding the Tribunal.

423. Practising as a solicitor.

424. Training regulations.

425. Education and training requirements.

426. Qualified lawyer transfer scheme.

427. Exemptions from the requirement to hold a practising certificate or obtain the qualifications of a solicitor.

428. Stages of training.

429. Admission as a solicitor.

430. Keeping of the roll.

431. Removal, restoration or change of name.

432. Restrictions on power to strike names off roll.

433. Entry and restoration of name struck off.

434. The roll as evidence.

435. Necessity for practising certificate.

436. Application for practising certificate.

437. Issue of practising certificate.

438. Fees paid before a practising certificate is issued.

439. Making of regulations about practising certificates.

440. The register as evidence.

441. Authorisation Rules.

442. Solicitors' framework of practice.

443. Registered European lawyers' framework of practice.

444. Registered foreign lawyers' framework of practice.

445. Authorised bodies' framework of practice.

446. Managers and employees.

447. Supervision and management.

448. Fee sharing and referrals.

449. Rules against referral fees.

450. Disapplication of certain prohibitions and penal provisions.

451. Formation and eligibility criteria for recognised bodies, recognised sole practice and licensed bodies.

452. Definition of 'legal services body'.

453. Power to make rules relating to legal services bodies and sole solicitors' practices.

454. Conditions on recognition.

455. Information about suitability for recognition.

456. Penalty for pretending to be a recognised body or recognised sole solicitor's practice.

457. Appeal against refusal to grant recognition.

458. Revocation of recognition.

459. Appeals against suspension etc.

460. Restrictions on employment of disqualified persons.

461. Penalties on employer and employee.

462. Control of convicted persons.

463. Accounts rules; disclosure of information etc.

464. Accounts rules; interest on clients' money.

465. Accountants' reports.

466. Inspection of bank accounts.

467. Compensation.

468. Investigation costs.

469. Complaints to the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal.

470. Powers of the Solicitors Regulation Authority with respect to recognised bodies and recognised sole solicitors' practices.

471. Appeals against a decision by the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

472. Powers of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal with respect to recognised bodies.

473. Powers of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal with respect to managers or employees of recognised bodies or recognised sole solicitors practices.

474. Power to inspect files.

475. Intervention by the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

476. Privilege from disclosure.

477. Separate businesses.

478. Multi-national partnerships.

479. Powers of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal with respect to registered foreign lawyers.

480. Intervention by the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

481. Alternative business structures.

482. Enforcement of rights.

483. Restrictions on the right to practise.

484. Right of audience.

485. Right to be represented.

486. Right of audience in higher courts.

487. Right to conduct litigation.

488. Administration of oaths.

489. Probate and reserved instrument activities.

490. Freedom from arrest.

491. Protection from defamation actions.

492. Duty of confidentiality.

493. Exceptions to the duty of confidentiality.

494. Eligibility in general.

495. Appointments confined to solicitors.

496. Appointments open to solicitors.

497. Disciplinary jurisdiction.

498. General conduct.

499. Criminal contempt.

500. Civil contempt.

501. Enforcement of undertakings.

502. Undertakings in litigation.

503. Undertakings in other matters.

504. Right to indemnity.

505. Order to pay costs.

506. Extent of liability to answer for loss.

507. Order to pay money to client.

508. Defences in cases of liability to pay over client's money.

509. Source of money immaterial.

510. Jurisdiction to order delivery up of papers.

511. Professional relationship.

512. Defences in cases of liability to deliver up clients' papers.

513. Punitive jurisdiction.

514. Procedure for committal proceedings.

515. Meaning of 'retainer'.

516. Relationship established by retainer.

517. Form of retainer.

518. Oral appointment.

519. Implied retainer.

520. Retainer by agents etc.

521. Joint and several retainers.

522. Retainer by minor.

523. Retainer by mentally disordered person.

524. Retainer by corporation.

525. Retainer by clubs and other unincorporated bodies.

526. Retainer by trustees and executors.

527. Retainer by trustee in bankruptcy.

528. Retainer by liquidator.

529. Retainer by administrative receiver.

530. Period of retainer.

531. Retainer at a salary.

532. Termination of retainer.

533. Position upon termination of retainer.

535. Effect on contentious business agreement of change of solicitor.

536. Removal or withdrawal of solicitor.

537. Ownership and use of documents.

538. Limits of solicitor's authority.

539. Payments authorised by production of deed.

540. Dealing with money payable into or under order of the court.

541. General authority of solicitor on purchase of land.

542. Holding of deposit on sale.

543. Holding of mortgage money.

544. Accepting payments otherwise than in cash.

545. Investing clients' money and advising as to trust funds.

546. Accepting notice.

547. Requirement as to special authority.

548. Effect of acting without authority.

549. Acts authorised by retainer in litigation.

550. General principles under the Code of Conduct.

551. General principles at common law.

552. Power to order solicitor to deliver cash account etc.

553. Presumption of undue influence.

554. When a gift to a solicitor is valid.

555. General principles at common law.

534. Change of solicitor.

556. Particular considerations.

557. Proof of payment by solicitor of purchase price.

558. Sale by order of the court.

559. Mortgage to solicitor.

560. Mortgage to client.

561. Solicitor as beneficiary under a will.

562. General rule as to profit costs.

563. Exception to general rule as to profit costs.

564. Express provision for profit costs.

565. General principles.

566. Standards of conduct; obligations imposed by the Code of Conduct.

567. Standards of conduct; obligations imposed by the court.

568. Common law position of solicitor acting for opposing interests.

569. Conflict of interests under the Code of Conduct.

570. Secret profits.

571. Liability for negligence.

573. Negligence in contentious matters.

574. Negligence in non-contentious matters.

575. Delegation of authority.

576. Authority of partners.

577. Introduction to Professional Conduct, Practice and Redress.

578. Overseas and cross-border practice.

579. Power to make Code of Conduct and rules.

580. The Code of Conduct for Solicitors, Registered European Lawyers and Registered Foreign Lawyers generally.

581. Mandatory principles.

582. The Code of Conduct for Firms generally.

583. The power to make rules.

584. Rules relating to accounts.

585. Objective and principles of the accounts rules.

586. Position in relation to banks or building societies.

587. Requirement to make rules regarding interest.

588. Rules to inspect bank accounts.

589. Production of documents, information and explanations.

590. Accountants' reports.

591. Registered foreign lawyers.

592. Failure to produce accountants' reports.

572. Facts not constituting negligence.

593. Evidence of fraud.

594. The power to make rules.

595. Rules relating to indemnity.

596. Regulation of financial services.

597. Duty to establish and maintain compensation fund.

598. Compensation grants.

599. Use of compensation fund other than for grants.

600. Borrowing.

601. Registered foreign lawyers.

602. Recognised bodies.

603. Unbefitting conduct etc before 1 July 2007.

604. Overseas practice.

605. Liability in contract.

606. Liability in tort.

607. Criminal liability.

608. Criminal and civil responsibility as officer of a company, etc.

609. Personal liability of solicitor for costs; in general.

610. Inherent jurisdiction.

611. Statutory jurisdiction.

612. Wasted costs orders in criminal proceedings.

613. Personal liability of legal representative for costs in civil proceedings.

614. Liability to client.

615. Liability of solicitor litigant.

616. Resolving complaints and provision of redress.

617. Complaint handling.

618. Provision of information and documents.

619. Investigation costs.

620. Circumstances in which the Solicitors Regulation Authority may intervene.

621. Taking possession of solicitor's documents.

622. Control of solicitor's bank accounts.

623. Other powers of intervention.

624. High Court procedure.

625. Disciplinary powers of the Solicitors Regulation Authority.

626. Disciplinary jurisdiction overseas.

627. Conditions imposed on current practising certificates.

628. Appeal against refusal of practising certificate.

629. Suspension of practising certificate; in general.

630. Suspension of practising certificate where solicitor convicted of fraud or serious crime.

631. Termination of suspension of practising certificate.

632. Power to make rules providing for appeals to go to the Tribunal.

633. The Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal.

634. Jurisdiction in respect of disciplinary proceedings.

635. Applications to the Tribunal.

636. Powers of the Tribunal.

637. Exclusion of solicitor from providing services funded by the Legal Aid Agency.

638. Preliminary consideration of an application.

639. Hearings and findings.

640. Orders of the Solicitors Disciplinary Tribunal.

641. Re-hearing.

642. Right of appeal.

643. Application and hearing.

644. Orders.

645. Appeals.

646. Adverse applications against solicitors.

647. Statutory grounds for disciplinary proceedings.

648. Restrictions on employment of disqualified persons.

649. Penalties on employer and employee.

650. Grounds for application in respect of persons involved in a legal practice but who are not solicitors.

651. Orders prohibiting the employment or remuneration of certain persons.

652. Revocation of orders restricting employment or remuneration.

653. Effect of order controlling employment and remuneration.

654. Tribunal's powers in relation to solicitor's employees.

655. Statutory provisions relating to remuneration of solicitors.

656. Information to be provided to the client.

657. Non-contentious and contentious business.

658. Pro bono representation.

659. Orders in respect of pro bono representation.

660. Non-contentious business remuneration orders.

661. Basis of charge.

662. Costs of solicitor mortgagee.

663. Form of agreement.

664. Enforcement of non-contentious business agreement.

665. Civil costs.

666. Form of agreement.

667. Content of contentious business agreements.

668. Effect of contentious business agreements.

669. Enforcement of agreement.

670. Contentious business agreements by certain representatives.

671. The effect of death, incapability or change of solicitor.

672. Effect on contentious business agreement of supervening incapacity of recognised body to act for client.

673. Re-opening the agreement.

674. Introduction to funding arrangements.

675. Conditional fee agreements.

676. Damages-based agreements.

677. Rules against inducements to make personal injury claims.

678. Legal insurance.

679. Litigation funding agreements.

680. Necessity for delivery of bill of costs.

681. Disbursements.

682. Form of bill of costs.

683. Contents of bill of costs.

684. Value added tax.

685. Delivery of bill in parts.

686. Signature on bill of costs.

687. Name of person to be charged.

688. Mode of delivery of bill of costs.

689. Amendment of bill of costs.

690. Order for delivery of bill of costs.

691. Scrutiny of a solicitor's remuneration.

692. Jurisdiction of the Senior Courts.

693. Extent of statutory jurisdiction.

694. Jurisdiction of the County Court.

695. Persons entitled to assessment.

696. The costs to be assessed.

697. Application by third parties and persons interested.

698. When special circumstances must be shown.

699. What constitutes special circumstances.

700. Special circumstances when 12 months have elapsed since delivery.

701. Special circumstances when a judgment has been obtained.

702. Special circumstances after payment.

703. What constitutes payment.

704. Payment to solicitor trustee.

705. When assessment is finally precluded.

706. Applications in the High Court.

707. Basis of assessment.

708. Procedure.

709. Solicitor and own client assessment.

710. Interest on costs of non-contentious business.

711. Interest on costs of contentious business.

712. Interest on judgments in respect of bill of costs.

713. Interest on money improperly retained by solicitor.

714. Right to take security for costs.

715. Effect of security for costs.

716. Setting aside security for costs.

717. When an action for costs may be brought.

718. Limitation of actions.

719. Recovery in bankruptcy.

720. Right to exercise lien and duty to inform client.

721. Property affected by retaining lien.

722. Extent of retaining lien.

723. Nature of right.

724. Lien no greater than client's right to retain.

725. Persons against whom retaining lien is available.

726. Transmission of retaining lien.

727. Effect of change of solicitors.

728. Priorities of successive solicitors.

729. Discharge of retaining lien.

730. Particular lien on property recovered.

731. Extent of lien on property recovered.

732. Effect of set-off.

733. Enforcement of lien on property recovered.

734. Effect of compromise of action.

735. Statutory jurisdiction to make charging orders.

736. Circumstances in which charging orders should be made.

737. Property charged.

738. Effect of counterclaim.

739. Need for property capable of being charged.

740. Recovery or preservation of property.

741. Possibility of charge irrespective of interest.

742. Priority of charging orders.

743. Courts which may make charging orders.

744. Procedure on application for charging order.

745. Scope of charging order.

746. When an agent may be employed.

747. Position between client and principal solicitor.

748. Relation between client and solicitor agent.

749. Lien as against the lay client.

750. Rights and liabilities of principal solicitor.

751. Lien as against the principal solicitor.

752. Remuneration of solicitor agent.

753. Assessment of costs.

754. Agent's authority.

755. Agent's personal liability.

756. Privilege.

4. Barristers

757. Meaning of 'barrister'.

758. Meaning of 'the Bar'.

759. Practising and unregistered barristers.

760. Self-employed barristers.

761. Employed barristers.

762. The emergence of the profession.

763. A brief history of the profession.

764. Development of representation for the Bar.

765. The Bar Council, the Bar Standards Board and the Council of the Inns of Court.

766. Constitution of the Bar Council.

767. Officers and members.

768. Functions of the Bar Council.

769. Consultation.

770. The Bar Standards Board and the regulatory committees.

771. Constitution and membership of the Inns of Court.

772. Authority of the benchers.

773. Appeals from decisions of the benchers.

774. Constitution of the Council of the Inns of Court.

775. Activities of the Council of the Inns of Court.

776. Members and trustees of the Council of the Inns of Court.

777. Objects and powers of the Council of the Inns of Court.

778. Circuits.

779. Specialist bar associations.

780. The Bar training rules.

781. The Legal Services Board.

782. The Inns of Court and the Bar Educational Trust.

783. Requirements for call to the Bar.

784. Continuing professional development requirements.

785. Discrimination in relation to offers of pupillage.

786. Employment status of pupils.

787. Pupil not a member of chambers.

788. Exemptions from training requirements.

789. Registered European lawyers.

790. Temporary call to the Bar of qualified foreign lawyers.

791. Barristers having rights of audience before every court.

792. Power to determine rights of audience in the absence of statute.

793. The High Court of Parliament.

794. Barristers who are members of the legislature.

795. Privy Council.

796. Commissions and disciplinary proceedings.

797. Arbitrations.

798. Duties of barristers exercising rights of audience.

799. Appearance in person.

800. Precedence of counsel.

801. Foreign courts generally.

802. Court of Justice of the European Union and the General Court of the European Union.

803. European Court of Human Rights.

804. International Court of Justice.

805. King's Counsel.

806. Administration of oaths.

807. Judicial offices, appointments, tribunals and committees.

808. Ecclesiastical offices.

809. Restrictions on practice.

810. Right to draft documents.

811. Law reports.

812. When counsel's advice protects solicitor.

813. Protection of client.

814. Instruction of counsel.

815. Implied authority of counsel.

816. Limitation of authority by client.

817. Compromise in excess of authority.

818. When agreement of counsel is not binding.

819. Statements of counsel.

820. Notice to counsel.

821. Arrest; jury service.

822. Absolute privilege for defamatory statements.

823. No immunity from liability for negligence.

824. Duty of care.

825. Legal professional privilege.

826. Counsel as witness.

827. Undue influence.

828. Rules governing the professional conduct of barristers.

829. Application of the Code of Conduct.

830. The core duties.

831. The conduct rules.

832. Duty to the court.

833. Behaving ethically.

834. Duty to the client.

835. Duty to the regulator.

836. Practice rules.

837. Rules applying to particular groups of regulated persons.

838. Application of scope of practice rules.

839. Practising certificate rules.

840. Practice rules applicable to self-employed barristers.

841. Practice rules applicable to managers of, and barristers employed by, authorised bodies.

842. Practice rules applicable to barristers employed by a non-authorised body.

843. Scope of practice of a barrister called to undertake a particular case.

844. Legal Advice Centres.

845. Barristers authorised by other approved regulators.

846. Instruction of self-employed barristers.

847. Professional client.

848. Licensed access.

849. Public access.

850. Accepting instructions.

851. Requirement not to discriminate.

852. The 'cab-rank rule'.

853. Circumstances in which instructions must be returned.

854. Circumstances in which instructions may be returned.

855. Examination of witnesses.

856. Taking notes of evidence and judgment.

857. Court dress and business suits.

858. Disciplinary Tribunal and Hearings Review.

859. Summary of disciplinary process.

860. Breach of the Bar Standards Board Handbook.

861. Court's inherent powers to prevent abuse and punishment for contempt.

862. Disciplinary tribunals appointed by the Inns' Council.

863. The Bar Tribunals and Adjudication Service.

864. The Legal Ombudsman and the Office for Legal Complaints.

865. Legal aid complaints.

866. Powers of the Commissioner.

867. Powers of the Independent Decision-Making Panel.

868. Referral to disciplinary tribunal.

869. The disciplinary tribunal procedure.

870. Sentence.

871. Suspension and disqualification.

872. Interim suspension and disqualification procedure.

873. Fitness to practice.

874. Interventions

875. Divestiture

876. Contractual capacity and contractual terms.

877. Recovery of fees where there is no contractual relationship with client.

878. Conditional fee agreements and litigation funding agreements.

879. Clerk's fees.

880. When barristers' fees will be assessed.

881. Fees for work out of court and not covered by the brief fee.

882. Brief fees.

883. Number of counsel.

884. Liability to income tax.

885. Liability to value added tax.

5. Licensed Conveyancers

886. Licensed conveyancers in general.

887. Establishment and membership of the Council for Licensed Conveyancers.

888. Officers and staff of the Council for Licensed Conveyancers.

889. Incidental powers and proceedings of the Council for Licensed Conveyancers.

890. Delegation of powers by the Council for Licensed Conveyancers.

891. Expenses and accounts.

892. Provision of financial services.

893. Training rules.

894. Applications for licences.

895. Issue of licences by the Council for Licensed Conveyancers.

896. Refusal of applications for licences.

897. Conditional licences.

898. Imposition of conditions during currency of licence.

899. Suspension or termination of licences.

900. Register of licensed conveyancers.

901. Continuing professional development.

902. Approved regulator in relation to reserved legal activities.

903. Application of statutory provisions relating to conveyancing services.

904. Qualification regulations and rules of conduct.

905. Applications for licences.

906. Issue or refusal of licences.

907. Conditional licences.

908. Code of Conduct.

909. Professional indemnity and compensation.

910. Keeping of accounts and establishment of client accounts.

911. Interest on clients' money.

912. Preliminary investigation of disciplinary cases.

913. Determination of allegations by the Investigating Committee.

914. Establishment of the Discipline and Appeals Committee and related rules.

915. Rules of procedure in disciplinary proceedings.

916. Evidence etc.

917. Orders which may be made in disciplinary cases.

918. Removal of disqualification from holding a licence.

919. Revocation of licence on grounds of fraud or error.

920. Appeals from decisions in relation to licences.

921. Circumstances in which the Council for Licensed Conveyancers may intervene.

922. Powers in relation to money.

923. Powers in relation to documents or other property.

924. Powers in relation to redirected communications.

925. Powers in relation to trusts.

926. Costs.

927. Examination of files.

928. The Legal Ombudsman and the Office for Legal Complaints.

929. Provision of conveyancing or other services by recognised bodies.

930. Conditions for recognition.

931. Conveyancing services bodies and CLC practitioner services bodies.

932. Disciplinary control of recognised bodies.

933. Hearing and determination of allegations.

934. Revocation of recognition on grounds of fraud or error.

935. Appeal against decision of Council for Licensed Conveyancers in relation to grant of recognition.

936. Intervention by the Council for Licensed Conveyancers.

937. Examination of files.

938. Application of rules relating to accounts and interest on clients' money.

939. Legal professional privilege.

940. Administration of oaths.

941. Modification of certain enactments relating to conveyancing etc.

6. Notaries

942. Meaning of 'notary'.

943. The Court of Faculties, the Master of the Faculties and the Notarial Advisory Board.

944. Classes of notaries in general.

945. Ecclesiastical notaries.

946. General and scrivener notaries.

947. Diplomatic and consular officers acting as notaries.

948. Requirement to be duly sworn, admitted and enrolled.

949. Fees on admission.

950. Restrictions on practice.

951. Who may be appointed as ecclesiastical notary.

952. Public Notaries Acts not to apply.

953. Grant of faculty.

954. Qualification for admission as a public notary.

955. The Qualifications Board.

956. Admission procedure.

957. Notaries from jurisdictions outside England and Wales.

958. Remedy for refusal to appoint.

959. Effect of admission or grant of faculty.

960. Qualification to practise as a scrivener notary.

961. Practical training.

962. Supervised practice.

963. Appointment.

964. Continuing education.

965. Powers of the Master of the Faculties to supervise notaries.

966. Practising certificates.

967. Indemnity insurance.

968. General principles and code of practice.

969. Terms of practice and obtaining instructions.

970. Conflicts of interest and the duty to act impartially.

971. Undertakings.

972. Publicity.

973. Fees, introductions and referrals.

974. Name of a notary's practice.

975. Supervision of a notary's office.

976. Records and inspection.

977. The Legal Ombudsman and the Office for Legal Complaints.

978. Conduct not amounting to notarial misconduct.

979. Conduct amounting to notarial misconduct.

980. Appeals and hearings.

981. Disciplinary proceedings and sanctions in the Court of Faculties.

982. Application for review.

983. Preparation of legal documents.

984. Reserved legal activities.

985. Bills of exchange.

986. Ships' protests.

987. Drawing bonds for payment.

988. Administering oaths and taking declarations.

989. Authentic acts.

990. Foreign notaries.

7. Legal Executives

991. Legal executives in general.

992. The Chartered Institute of Legal Executives.

993. The council of the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives.

994. CILEx Regulation.

995. Membership of the Chartered Institute of Legal Executives.

996. The Legal Ombudsman and the Office for Legal Complaints.

8. Alternative Business Structures

997. Regulation of licensed bodies.

998. Licensable bodies.

999. Licensing authorities.

1000. Application.

1001. Dismissal of application.

1002. Duty to seek advice.

1003. Rules governing decisions by the Board.

1004. Determination of application.

1005. Effect of grant of application.

1006. Automatic cancellation of designation as a licensing authority.

1007. Cancellation by the Lord Chancellor.

1008. Recommendation on application by the approved regulator.

1009. Recommendation due to act or omission requiring cancellation.

1010. Notification of licensing authority.

1011. Board's duty to seek advice.

1012. Informing the licensing authority.

1013. Decision by the Legal Services Board.

1014. Transfer arrangements.

1015. The Board's power to recommend transfer arrangements etc.

1016. Powers of entry etc.

1017. Functions of appellate bodies.

1018. Licensing authority policy statement.

1019. Licensing rules.

1020. Board's duty to make licensing rules.

1021. Regulatory arrangement provisions to co-operate with investigations.

1022. Special bodies.

1023. Applications for licences.

1024. Determination of applications.

1025. Period of licence and renewal.

1026. Continuity of licences.

1027. Modification of licence.

1028. Special bodies.

1029. Management.

1030. Head of Legal Practice.

1031. Head of Finance and Administration.

1032. Practice requirements.

1033. Fees and financial penalties.

1034. Disqualification.

1035. Suspension or revocation of licence.

1036. Application to a licensing authority.

1037. Licensing authority's duty to determine suitability.

1038. Application to the Board.

1039. Board's decision.

1040. Terms of licence.

1041. Modification of terms.

1042. Registers of licensed bodies.

1043. Restricted interests subject to approval.

1044. Approval requirements.

1045. Approval of multiple restricted interests.

1046. Requirement to identify non-authorised persons.

1047. Licence may not be granted unless non-authorised persons approved.

1048. Unconditional approval of notified interest.

1049. Conditional approval of notified interest.

1050. Objection to notified interest.

1051. Continuing notification.

1052. Licensing authority's power to require information.

1053. Unconditional approval of notifiable interest.

1054. Conditional approval of notifiable interest.

1055. Objection to acquisition of notifiable interest.

1056. Imposition of conditions on existing restricted interest.

1057. Objection to existing restricted interest.

1058. Power to impose share limit, voting limit etc.

1059. Divestiture condition.

1060. Restriction notice.

1061. Divestiture by High Court.

1062. Conditions.

1063. Records of decisions.

1064. Notifying Board where share limit or voting limit breached.

1065. Duties of non-authorised persons.

1066. Duties of the Head of Legal Practice.

1067. Duties of the Head of Finance and Administration.

1068. Financial penalties.

1069. Disqualification.

1070. Information.

1071. Referral to appropriate regulator.

1072. Suspension and revocation of licence.

1073. Prohibition on payment.

1074. Money vesting in licensing authority.

1075. Information about money.

1076. Notice to produce or deliver documents.

1077. Order to produce or deliver documents.

1078. Communications redirection order.

1079. Trusts.