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Considerations and next steps for victims of fraud—checklist

Considerations and next steps for victims of fraud—checklist This Checklist is designed to assist individuals and companies who suspect they have been a victim of fraud. It considers the immediate steps they should take to gather and preserve evidence, obtain legal advice, mitigate and reduce risk and obtain emergency or urgent relief (such as freezing orders and insurance cover), including whether it is necessary to report a suspected fraud to the police and how to do so using the Action Fraud service. It also addresses the choice between issuing civil and criminal proceedings for fraud and explains the possibility of running a civil fraud claim in parallel with a criminal prosecution (private or public). This Checklist should be read in conjunction with the Practice Notes: • Starting a civil fraud claim—a practical guide • Civil fraud—heads of claim • Civil fraud—frequently asked questions (FAQ) • Commencing criminal proceedings—applying for the issue of a summons • Fraud—civil claim and private criminal prosecution compared For full guidance on fraud offence under criminal...

Vertical agreements—drafting for MVBEO—checklist

Vertical agreements—drafting for MVBEO—checklist This Checklist sets out the essential points that should be considered under The Competition Act 1998 (Motor Vehicle Agreements Block Exemption) Order 2023 (No 2) (MVBEO) when drafting new vertical agreements, or updating existing vertical agreements, in relation to motor vehicle aftermarkets for the provision of repair and maintenance services or the distribution of motor vehicle aftermarket goods (together, the motor vehicle aftermarket). This Checklist is not intended to be a comprehensive guide to the MVBEO but should be used where a commercial lawyer wants to ensure that the vertical agreement falls within the MVBEO (and any guidance issued under it). For further information, see: CMA Guidance: MVBEO. A flowchart is also provided at the end of this Checklist, setting out the main steps to follow when assessing whether an agreement falls under the MVBEO. Introduction to MVBEO Any agreement which affects trade and restricts competition in the UK may be subject to the prohibition on anti-competitive agreements under the provisions of Chapter I of the Competition...

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EU GDPR—personal data breach notification—flowchart

EU GDPR—personal data breach notification—flowchart The EU’s General Data Protection Regulation, Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (EU GDPR) is directly applicable and fully enforceable in EU and EEA states. This Flowchart focuses on personal data breach notification under the EU GDPR. It covers: • a summary of the overarching obligations • key guidance • types of personal data breaches • the flowchart of notification requirements • general examples of personal data breaches and who to notify • detailed examples of personal data breaches and who to notify The EU GDPR includes the following definition of a personal data breach: ‘…a breach of security leading to the accidental or unlawful destruction, loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure of, or access to, personal data transmitted, stored or otherwise processed.’ Overarching obligations In summary, among other things, the EU GDPR provides that: • data processors must notify the data controller without undue delay after becoming aware of a personal data breach • unless the personal data breach is unlikely to result in a risk to the rights...

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Nature and types of agency

This Practice Note is an introduction to agency. It describes the essentials of the agency relationship between the principal and the agent including the ways in which an agent is appointed to act on behalf of a principal, the different types of agency appointments and the authority that an agent has to act on behalf of a principal.Nature of agencyAgency is a relationship under which a principal appoints an agent to act under their direction and on their behalf for specified purposes. In business, such purposes are commonly the introduction or conclusion of contracts between the principal and customers or other third parties. The term ‘agent’ is sometimes used loosely in business and may refer to those, eg distributors, whose activities are similar to those of agents but who are not agents in law.In commercial matters, the parties will normally have a written agreement that sets out:•the scope of the agent's authority•the parties' rights and duties•under what circumstances and with what consequences the agency can be terminated•general commercial provisions, and•where...

Agency and distribution compared

This Practice Note compares agency with distribution and contains a table setting out the key legal differences between agents and distributors. This Practice Note sets out the difference between agents and distributors, including the relationship with their respective principal or manufacturer and compares the risk profile of each appointment. Consideration is also given to the circumstances under which an agency is preferred, and the conditions that favour distributorships.Initial considerationsAgency and distribution are examples of channels to market: means by which a manufacturer, producer or an intermediary, such as a wholesaler, gets its products to end-user customers. Other channels to market include direct sales (where sales staff are employed directly by the manufacturer or where the manufacturer sells at a distance (eg via the internet)), entering into a joint venture with a local business, and franchising (which has many features in common with distribution). For further details on franchising, see: Franchising—overview.This Practice Note compares sales agents, who procure (and sometimes conclude) contracts with customers for their principal, with distributors. Sales agents...

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Warranty limitations—pro-seller—share purchase agreement

Insert the following definitions as new definitions into clause 1 of Precedent: Share purchase agreement—pro-buyer—corporate seller—conditional—long form: 1 Definitions and interpretation Claim means a claim by the Buyer for any breach of the provisions of this Agreement (including a claim for breach of the Warranties); Data Room means the data room relating to the [Company OR Group] comprising all contracts, agreements, licences, documents and other information made available to the Buyer and its advisers, as listed in the Data Room index attached to the Disclosure Letter; The ScheduleLimitations on the Warranties ...

No partnership or agency clause

1 No partnership or agency—short form Nothing in this agreement constitutes, or will be deemed to constitute, a partnership between the parties n

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How do you find out who owns a culvert located under a highway? Is a culvert under a road a highway drain? Does a highway authority own it/have power to grant rights to drain into it?

How do you find out who owns a culvert located under a highway? Is a culvert under a road a highway drain? Does a highway authority own it/have power to grant rights to drain into it? According to Environment Agency guidance on riparian ownership (EA guidance) p 31, a culvert is a covered channel or pipe designed to prevent the obstruction of a watercourse or drainage path by an artificial construction. Culvert is not defined in Water Industry (Schemes for Adoption of Private Sewers) Regulations 2011, SI 2011/1566 or the Water Industry Act 1991 (WIA 1991). Responsibility for the maintenance of any culverted watercourse usually lies with the ‘riparian owner’, see Practice Note: Riparian ownership—rights and responsibilities for further information. Where the ownership of a watercourse culvert cannot be established, then it is assumed to be the responsibility of the riparian owner. A culvert under a road is not considered a highway drain. From a practical perspective, different bodies may be responsible for culverts outside of private land...

What is the position of a security holder if the company that created the security is dissolved?

What is the position of a security holder if the company that created the security is dissolved? This Q&A focuses on the impact the dissolution of a security provider can have on the ability of a security holder to effectively enforce its security. It also considers the position of a receiver appointed by the security holder prior to the dissolution of the relevant company. Summary If a security provider is dissolved as a matter of English law it is normally still possible for the security holder to enforce the security it holds by exercising the mortgagee’s power of sale. There may be circumstances in any particular case that make an application to restore the dissolved company to the register desirable to protect the security holder’s position. Circumstances where this issue commonly arises The problems associated with a security provider being dissolved while security is in force occur most often in real estate finance and other asset finance transactions. Typically, these issues arise where a special purpose...

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IRENA publishes progress report on UAE Consensus goals

The International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) has published a progress report, tracking the delivery of two UAE Consensus goals—tripling renewable energy capacity and doubling energy efficiency by 2030. The report finds that across almost all metrics, the world has fallen behind the trajectory required to meet these goals. It serves as a progress tracker and provides recommendations to re-align the energy transition with the Paris Agreement goals and the 2030 targets. The report details the progress made in deploying renewable energy technologies, improving energy efficiency across industries and communities, and securing the necessary financial and policy frameworks to support these efforts. As the designated custodian agency for monitoring these goals, IRENA has published this report as the first in an annual series.

EMA consults on revisions to policy on handling competing interests

The European Medicines Agency (EMA) has opened a consultation on its draft revised policy regarding the handling of competing interests among scientific committee members and experts (Policy 0044). This revision follows recent Court of Justice rulings in Joined Cases C-6/21 and C-16/21 P and Case C-291/22 and aims to eliminate doubts regarding the objective impartiality of EMA’s assessments. While the EMA has always prohibited individuals currently employed by or holding financial interests in a pharmaceutical company from participating in its activities, the revisions increase and align restrictions across roles and groups for experts with current interests in a product, as well as those with past employment in a pharmaceutical company. Additionally, the revision strengthens handling of competing interests in the medical device industry, introduce new rules to address certain interests in research organisations, and further clarify the use of expert witnesses. Comments on the draft revised policy can be submitted until 10 November 2024.